Nelson Mandela, 2 marks

 

1. When and where did the inauguration ceremony take place?
   Ans: The inauguration ceremony took place on 10th May at the Union Buildings in Pretoria, South Africa.

   • Inauguration (উদ্বোধন)
   • Ceremony (অনুষ্ঠান)

2. Why was the day of inauguration important for South Africa?
   Ans: The day marked the end of apartheid and the beginning of a democratic, non-racial government in South Africa.

   • Apartheid (জাতিবিদ্বেষমূলক শাসন)
   • Democratic (গণতান্ত্রিক)

3. Who took the oath before Nelson Mandela?
   Ans: Mr. de Klerk was sworn in as the second deputy president, and Thabo Mbeki was sworn in as the first deputy president before Nelson Mandela.

   • Oath (শপথ)
   • Deputy (উপ- বা সহকারী)

4. What pledge did Mandela take during his oath?
   Ans: He pledged to obey and uphold the Constitution and to work for the well-being of the people of South Africa.

   • Pledge (প্রতিজ্ঞা করা)
   • Constitution (সংবিধান)

5. What did Mandela say about courage?
   Ans: Mandela said that courage is not the absence of fear, but the triumph over it. A brave man is one who conquers his fear.

   • Courage (সাহস)
   • Triumph (জয়লাভ করা)

6. What did Mandela mean by “twin obligations” in a man’s life?
   Ans: He meant that every person has two responsibilities—one towards their family and the other towards society and the country.

   • Obligations (দায়িত্ব)
   • Society (সমাজ)

7. What was the significance of the military display at the inauguration?
   Ans: The military display symbolized the loyalty of the army to democracy and the newly elected government.

   • Military (সেনাবাহিনী)
   • Loyalty (নিষ্ঠা)

8. What did Mandela say about the two national anthems?
   Ans: He said that blacks sang ‘Die Stem’ and whites sang ‘Nkosi Sikelel’ – iAfrika’ and soon, they would know both by heart.

   • Anthem (জাতীয় সঙ্গীত)
   • Heart (হৃদয়)

9. What did Mandela say about the greatest wealth of South Africa?
   Ans: He believed that South Africa’s greatest wealth was its people, who were finer and truer than diamonds.

   • Wealth (সম্পদ)
   • Diamonds (হীরা)

10. What lesson did Mandela learn from his comrades in struggle?
    Ans: He learned the true meaning of courage and saw people sacrificing their lives for justice.

• Comrades (সহযোদ্ধা)
• Sacrifice (বলিদান করা)

11. What did Mandela say about love and hate?
    Ans: He said that no one is born hating others; people learn to hate, and they can be taught to love.

• Love (ভালবাসা)
• Hate (ঘৃণা)

12. What realization changed Mandela’s life?
    Ans: He realized that not only was he not free, but his people were not free, which made him fight for their rights.

• Realization (উপলব্ধি)
• Rights (অধিকার)

13. What did Mandela say about the oppressor and the oppressed?
    Ans: He said that both the oppressed and the oppressor are robbed of their humanity, as true freedom comes only when no one is oppressed.

• Oppressor (অত্যাচারী)
• Oppressed (নিপীড়িত)

14. What was Mandela’s childhood idea of freedom?
    Ans: As a child, he thought freedom meant playing in the fields, swimming in streams, and living without restrictions.

• Childhood (শৈশব)
• Restrictions (নিষেধাজ্ঞা)

15. How did Mandela describe apartheid’s impact on South Africa?
    Ans: He said apartheid left deep and lasting wounds, which would take generations to heal.

• Impact (প্রভাব)
• Wounds (ক্ষত)